Born in Cologne, Felix Goeser studied at the Film University Konrad Wolf in Potsdam-Babelsberg from 1996 to 2000.

His engagements have taken him to the TAT Frankfurt, the Deutsches Schauspielhaus Hamburg, the Burgtheater Wien and the Staatstheater Stuttgart, among others. He has worked with Einar Schleef, Nicolas Stemann, Studio Braun and Karin Henkel, among others.

Felix Goeser was awarded the Alfred Kerr Actor Prize for his portrayal of Platonov in Chekhov's play of the same name, directed by Karin Henkel, and was voted Actor of the Year 2006 in the critics' poll of the magazine “Theater heute”. The radio play Coldhaven by John Burnside (director: Klaus Buhlert), in which Goeser is the narrator, was named Radio Play of the Year by the Akademie der Künste in 2017 and received the Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden. The radio play The Ends of the Parable by Thomas Pynchon, in which Goeser plays a leading role, also directed by Klaus Buhlert, was voted Audiobook of the Year in 2020.

Felix Goeser has been a member of the ensemble at Deutsches Theater Berlin since the 2009/10 season and has appeared in plays by Stephan Kimmig, Christopher Rüping, Stefan Pucher, Jan Bosse, Jette Steckel, Sebastian Hartmann, Tom Kühnel and Jürgen Kuttner, among others.